What is Testicular Cancer?
Testicular cancer consists of malignant tumors that develop in the testicle, one of the male reproductive organs. It is generally seen more frequently in young and middle-aged men, particularly in the 15-35 age range. Testicular cancer is a type of cancer with a high chance of cure when diagnosed early and treated appropriately.
What are the Symptoms of Testicular Cancer?
The most common symptom of testicular cancer is a painless lump or swelling in the testicle. Some patients may experience a feeling of heaviness, discomfort, or fullness in their testicles. Pain in the testicles is rare. In advanced stages, other symptoms like abdominal pain, back pain, or shortness of breath may occur. Since symptoms can be subtle or unnoticeable in the early stage, regular testicular self-examination is very important.
Testicular Cancer Risk Factors
Risk factors for testicular cancer include:
- Cryptorchidism (undescended testicle)
- A family history of testicular cancer
- A previous history of testicular cancer
- Higher incidence in Caucasian men
- Certain genetic and environmental factors
How is Testicular Cancer Diagnosed?
If testicular cancer is suspected, a physical examination is performed first. Ultrasonography is used to evaluate the testicle’s structure and the lump. Additionally, tumor markers (AFP, hCG, LDH) are measured via a blood test. These tests assist in making the diagnosis and forming the treatment plan.
Testicular Cancer Treatment Methods
The treatment process is determined by the tumor’s type, size, and stage. The most common treatment method is the surgical removal of the affected testicle (radical inguinal orchiectomy). While surgery alone may be sufficient in early stages, chemotherapy or radiotherapy may be required in advanced stages. Regular follow-up after treatment is crucial.
The Importance of Early Diagnosis in Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is highly curable when diagnosed early. Therefore, it is recommended that men perform regular self-examinations of their testicles starting from age 15. If any lump, swelling, or abnormal change is felt, a doctor should be consulted without delay.